美國加重打擊中國晶片製造業。拜登政府當地時間週四宣布，把包括中國記憶體晶片製造商龍頭長江存儲在內的36間中企納入貿易黑名單中。
綜合外媒報導，長江存儲是中國最大的3D儲存型快閃記憶體（3D NAND）製造商，供應智慧型手機等電腦裝置所需記憶體晶片，該公司一直在與蘋果公司洽談供貨合作。美方憂心長江存儲會把美國科技轉移至先前已被列入黑名單的華為和海康威視等企業，日後若是沒有取得特殊許可，將禁止供應商從美國運送貨品給長江存儲。
36間遭封殺的中國企業中有21間為主要的人工智慧晶片供應鏈產商，包括寒武紀科技和中國電子科技集團等。另有9間則被控支持中國軍事現代化，像是中國唯一一間光刻企業上海微電子裝備。
此外還有中國監視攝影機製造商天地偉業，該公司被控參與對新疆維吾爾族壓迫、大規模監禁及使用高科技監控的一系列迫害行動。
美國商務部負責出口管理的助理部長肯德勒（Thea Kendler）聲明指出，在中國政府試圖移除軍方和民間領域的壁壘時，「美國國家安全利益取決於我們做出關鍵決斷，來阻絕取得先進科技的途徑。」
對此，中國駐華盛頓使館反批美方行徑是公然的經濟脅迫和對科技領域的霸凌，「中國將堅定捍衛合法權利和中國企業、機構的利益。」
The Chinese Embassy in Washington said the United States was engaging in “blatant economic coercion and bullying in the field of technology,” undermining normal business activities between Chinese and American companies and threatening the stability of global supply chains.
“China will resolutely safeguard the lawful rights and interests of Chinese companies and institutions,” it added.
The move builds on sweeping export controls imposed on Beijing in October to slow Beijing’s technological and military advances, including measures to curb China’s access to U.S. chipmaking tools and cut it off from certain chips made anywhere in the world with American equipment.
It also comes as Congress prepares to finalize legislation to bar the U.S. government from buying products that contain semiconductors made by YMTC, Chinese memory chipmaker CXMT or China’s top chip manufacturer SMIC.
SMEE did not immediately respond to a request for comment.
A total of 35 Chinese entities were added to the U.S. trade blacklist, known as the entity list, as well as YMTC’s Japan-based subsidiary.
Thursday’s announcements weren’t all bad news for Beijing. The Biden administration removed a subsidiary of Wuxi Biologics, a company that makes ingredients for AstraZeneca’s （AZN.L） COVID-19 vaccine, and 26 other Chinese entities from the so-called unverified list thanks to successful site visits.
Two of the Chinese companies removed from the unverified list – YMTC and SMEE- were added to the entity list.
Reuters reported on Wednesday that such a move was in the works. Reuters also reported earlier this year that U.S officials were able to conduct a site visit at Wuxi Biologics before a different subsidiary of the company was removed from the unverified list in October.
Wuxi did not respond to a request for comment.
Companies are added to the unverified list if the United States cannot complete on-site visits to determine whether they can be trusted to receive sensitive U.S. technology exports, inspections which in China require approval from the commerce ministry.
Being added to the unverified list forces U.S. suppliers to perform greater due diligence before shipping to the targeted companies.
Commerce Department officials have attributed greater cooperation from Beijing in site checks to a new U.S. rule announced in October. Under that rule, if a government prevents U.S. officials from conducting site checks at companies on the unverified list, Washington may add them to the entity list after 60 days.
Under that new policy, the Commerce Department on Thursday removed nine Russian entities from the unverified list and added them to the entity list because the U.S. has been unable to conduct site visits.
Top Senate Democrat Chuck Schumer heralded the imposition of new penalties on YMTC, which Reuters reported was under investigation for allegedly violating U.S. export regulations by supplying chips to Huawei without a license.
“YMTC poses an immediate threat to our national security, so the Biden Administration needed to act swiftly to prevent YMTC from gaining even an inch of a military or economic advantage,” he said in a statement.
原文出處 自由時報